Prompt

Nanotechnology has become an important field of study in the development of treatments and diagnostics for microbial infections. This journal discusses the application of nanotechnology in photodynamic and sonodynamic therapy to combat bacterial and fungal infections. This approach utilizes metal-based nanoparticles and organic photosensitizing molecules to elicit an effective oxidative stress response in pathogenic microorganisms. Additionally, sonodynamic etching uses an ultrasonic probe to maximize etching efficiency using inorganic nanoparticles that respond to ultrasonic pulses. This journal discusses the use of graphene and graphene oxide as effective antimicrobial agents, with the ability to disrupt bacterial and fungal metabolism. Graphene is also used in microbiological detection using fluorescence techniques and antibody staining. Recent research shows that graphene can be used to identify and classify various microorganisms with high accuracy.

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